Free Printable 10 Times Table Chart (1–20)

Multiplying by 10 shifts every digit one place to the left in the decimal system — in practice, this means appending a zero: 10×7=70, 10×13=130. Children typically learn this rule in Grade 2 alongside place value, often before formal multiplication instruction. By Grade 3, most students have instant recall of the 10× table.

The 10× table is the backbone of all mental multiplication. To multiply any number by 9, use 10×n − n. To multiply by 5, use 10×n ÷ 2. To estimate any product, round to the nearest 10 and multiply by 10. Understanding the 10× table deeply — not just as "add a zero" but as a place-value shift — prepares students for multiplying by 100, 1000, and decimals.

Once students are fluent with 1×–10×, most curricula extend to 11× and 12×, which are required in many UK, Australian, and Canadian schools. The 10× table also extends naturally to multiplying by powers of 10 (100, 1000, 0.1, 0.01) in Grade 5–6, and to scientific notation in middle school.